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Libertarianism

The views expressed herein, although pro-freedom in nature, do not represent a consensus of libertarian thought and cannot be held to speak for all Libertarians everywhere. There is as much diversity of opinion within libertarian circles as any other ideology or political party.

Overall, libertarianism is about the emphasis on the individual's rights, and the application of basic ethics against government. While most everyone exempts government from basic rules and standards, thereby allowing the government to get away with theft for example, libertarians want to reduce or eliminate these contradictions. At its core, libertarianism is about applying the rule of law and liberty to governments as well as to people.

FAC - Frequently Argued Contentions
The following arguments are advanced in an attempt to undermine, discredit or disagree with libertarianism and libertarians. I present them here in order to defeat them. This list ought to be comprehensive, and though you may believe I skipped your objection, it's very possible that I refuted your argument in one of these sections.

1. Government and laws are important.
- We can't get rid of government; we need it!
- We need gun control.
- We need minimum wage laws.
- We need anti-trust laws.

2. Libertarians don't care about the downtrodden or endangered.
- They don't care about poor people.
- They don't care about racism.
- They don't care about the environment.
- They don't care about slave labor in newly industrializing countries.

3. They have dangerous, extreme or immoral ideas.
- They want to allow secession.
- They want to legalize baby selling, child prostitution, and/or child abuse.
- They oppose government efforts to stop slavery.
- They would simply dismantle all government.
- They oppose religion and morality.

4. They’re not good or normal people.
- They're far-right or more extreme Republicans.
- They're anarchists.
- They're militia members or similar to militia members.
- They just serve the interests of corporations and rich people.
- They’re a cult of Objectivists, pseudo-worshipping Ayn Rand or similar to the same.

5. Libertarianism is untested.
- There have never been any libertarian societies in history.
- There are no libertarian cities, states or countries in the world today.

6. Libertarians are fundamentally hypocrites.
- Libertarians call themselves individualists but are organized in their political party and in corporations, so they are hypocrites.
- They oppose government but still run for office, so they are hypocrites.
- Capitalism is authoritarian and un-free, so libertarians are hypocrites.
- Property is theft, so libertarians are hypocrites.
- Accepting money from your parents or family is welfare, and if they do they’re hypocrites.

7. Philosophically, libertarians miss some major points.
- There are no natural rights; we only have rights from law or government.
- Living in America puts you under our social contract, and therefore taxation is voluntary and not immoral, as libertarians argue.
- No man is an island; we’re all part of society or the community; government and society provided us with education and employment so we don’t fully own anything independent of society or the government.


1. Government and laws are important.

- We can’t get rid of government; we need it!
Very few libertarians are anarchists. The majority of them believe in some form of government fulfilling basic duties like courts, police, some diplomacy, national defense, and usually other duties such as roads and fire services. Since the originators of libertarian and liberal thought often involve inspiration from John Locke, they naturally adopted his assertion that government should exist to protect liberty. The Declaration of Independence, generally revered by libertarians, supports exactly such a situation:

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed…

- We need gun control.
Any control of firearms not aimed at minors or felons and aimed at the population generally takes away the right of peaceful, rational people without just cause. People that abide by the law and that are mentally competent to own and maintain firearms should not be deprived of that right because of the minority that is irresponsible or dangerous. Rather than punishing people that own guns safely to defend themselves or their families, legislation should focus on preventing violent criminals from ever re-arming themselves. As for the purported risk to child safety – more children died in one year of the 1990s from drowning in buckets of water (not lakes, pools, rivers or oceans, just buckets) than all accidental weapons discharges, according to the Center for Disease Control. Guns are not the problem; irresponsible parents drive up statistics for unfortunate child deaths. Regardless, gun control only serves to disarm the law-abiding people who submit to it, not the criminals who are already today breaking gun control laws. The solution is greater punishment for violent criminals, not punishment of non-violent gun owners.

- We need minimum wage laws.
If two people can agree on marriage, sexual intercourse, buying a house, buying a car, getting a job, or negotiating salary benefits, then they can negotiate wages. If the wage is too high, the employer says no; if the wage is too low, the employee says no. The fact that a low wage is not enough to support a family is unfortunate, but a voluntary contract is a voluntary contract. If you think a company is not respecting the skills of its employees, then boycott their products and get friends to do likewise until the company agrees to change.
 
- We need anti-trust laws.
First of all, the positions of libertarians on anti-trust legislation is varied and difficult to pin down.  However, the Party platform strongly opposes anti-trust legislation, so we'll proceed from that position.  We should realize that generally it takes force to maintain a monopoly.  This force is usually provided through government when it protects a monopoly either officially or unofficially, and sometimes unintentionally.  Government, through laws, regulations, 'worker safety' laws, minimum wage programs, and piles of taxes and licenses makes it difficult for new companies to start up.  Assuming that the startup costs for a business is X dollars, a huge funding base like that of a corporation can afford the cost much more easily than a small business, even if the corporation pays more in absolute terms.  Because these regulations pose a much greater burden to small and independent businesses than big companies, we must recognize that these regulations are regressive - and act to keep out potential competition.  Repealing these high obstacles to starting businesses is an important step in preventing monopolies.  Allowing new businesses to start up and oppose the market share of would-be monopolies is more effective than anti-trust legislation, and it's moral.  It's not right to prohibit a voluntary activity simply because we disagree with the prices charged.  An individual has the right to form as big or small a business as they wish, limited only by their own experience, their own wealth and the rights of others.  As long as they aren't lying, stealing or killing, then their high prices will encourage numerous competitors to enter the market.  A monopoly may be inefficient or expensive but it has not committed fraud, theft or raised arms against anyone, and that means we are wrong to raise arms against them.

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2. Libertarians don’t care about the downtrodden or endangered.

- They don’t care about poor people.
This assumes that anything we care about will instantly find its way into a law. As such, no one could be ‘personally’ against abortion but pro-choice, personally against homosexuality but pro-gay marriage, personally one religion but against making it law, or personally against anything they didn’t want to fix through a law. Only pragmatic reasons could impel someone to personally oppose something they wanted legal, by this argument, and no larger argument about the role of government could apply. Libertarians oppose socialistic policies for the same brand of reasons that a person might hold one personal opinion but think it unfair or un-American to make it a law. Further, many Libertarians encourage private charity and good works, asserting that when a welfare-state government takes control of such duties, the populace tends to become MORE selfish, not less.

- They don’t care about racism.
Again, not wanting Affirmative Action or extensive anti-discrimination laws does not make libertarians racist. They are almost universally anti-racist (moreso than Democrats or Republicans), identifying very strongly with the sentiment that race doesn’t matter, but actions and character do.

- They don’t care about the environment.
Most libertarians, besides pointing out that the federal government (the Departments of Energy and Defense) is the worst polluter in the country, would say that harming someone else with chemicals is no better than punching him in the face. There’s generally a libertarian consensus that at least some degree of environmental laws is good and acceptable. If someone dropped mercury into a glass of water before you drank it, they’d be guilty of a crime against you. If a business infects your drinking water through negligence or malevolence then it is scarcely any different. As for conservation, people can of course always, through private efforts and funds, collect their resources to protect a certain segment of land and preserve it for naturalist or tourist purposes.

- They don’t care about slave labor in newly industrializing countries.
Any involuntary labor is always wrong in libertarian ideology. Most slave labor, therefore, would be illegal in a libertarian political setting. Some people extend the phrase slave labor to what might be better explained as non-coercive but very low-paid manual labor. Any labor that is voluntary is moral. Being pressured by food or lack of other employment options does not make it slavery; it makes it highly unfortunate. The proper response in such a situation is to encourage the economies of such countries with freer trade and market conditions and to send private aid to assist the living conditions of such people. It would help if we didn’t keep the good manufacturing jobs in the US with protectionism when it would greatly assist third world workers to have those employment options.

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3. They have dangerous, extreme or immoral ideas.

- They want to allow secession.
Not all libertarians support secession, and the issue is a relatively minor one among them. However, one point stands out – from most any point of view, the United States technically seceded from the British Empire. Opposing secession means either that the United States should not have rebelled ever, under any circumstances, or that only in certain circumstances is it acceptable. This does not make libertarians pro-militia or pro-Confederacy. The Confederacy supported slavery and if any state can secede to defend its tyrannical behavior then the entire system of balancing federalism is a failure. The federal government finally blocked oppression of slaves when it fought the Civil War, enacted the Emancipation Proclamation, and passed the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments. Therefore, although peaceable secession ought to be allowed at certain times, the Civil War was necessary to oppose slavery and defend freedom.

- They want to legalize baby selling, child prostitution, and/or child abuse.
Baby selling is treating human beings as commodities or slaves; children are not morally capable of consenting to prostitution; and child abuse is wrong since a parent has a moral duty to protect a child or give it up for adoption to a reasonably reliable institution or individual. Libertarians strongly oppose all three except in rare or extreme cases.

- They oppose government efforts to stop slavery.
Slavery could scarcely be any less libertarian since the first rule of being free is self-ownership, and rights to life, liberty and labor. Libertarians don’t oppose laws just because they hate laws, they oppose laws that assert too much government control or prohibit victimless activities. Slavery always has a victim – the slave.

- They would simply dismantle all government.
Very few would support simply eliminating government. As stated under point 1, government has a role in defending freedom.

- They oppose religion and morality.
While they may oppose many of the social laws inspired by certain religions, libertarians scarcely oppose all religion and rarely oppose morality. While there are libertarians that dislike religion, there are many libertarians of faith, and most are skeptical but friendly on religion. Most agree that morality is important, and tend to argue a libertarian rather than specifically religious morality.

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4. They’re not good or normal people.

- They’re far-right or more extreme Republicans.
Republicans believe in relative economic and political freedom and some social freedoms, but libertarians believe in extensive personal, political, economic and social freedom. Republicans adhere to a party platform but libertarians adhere to a more comprehensive ideology, philosophy or at least worldview. If anything, Republicans are moderate, center-right libertarians.

- They’re anarchists.
No, they’re not. Few libertarians want to outright dismantle the government. Fewer still want it to happen any time soon. Calling Libertarians anarchists is akin to calling the Democrats communists or the Republicans fascists; it’s inflammatory rhetoric that, although it may seem to explain the fundamentals of the most extreme faction does not account for the depth and wealth of opinion within the party.

- They’re militia members or similar to militia members.
They tend to be middle class, usually educated professionals. They are rarely militia members. Many militiamen tend to assert a conservative doctrine, sometimes with religious overtones, occasionally with racism intertwined. Although militiamen may seem libertarian, libertarians are rarely militia members. Making such a comparison is similar to suggesting that Democrats are all Black Panther members or Republicans go to Ku Klux Klan meetings.

- They just serve the interests of corporations and rich people.
Most corporations are pro-affirmative action, accept massive corporate welfare, and contribute to both Democrats and Republicans. Most hyper-wealthy Americans are Democrats, especially in Hollywood. Libertarianism historically is an ideology of the middle class; the richest class tends to oppose capitalism that could see them losing their wealth or see poor people rising to join their ranks; the poorer classes tend to support a mass ideology like fascism or socialism to either ignore their situation or get someone else to fix it for them. Capitalism benefits hard workers and those who wish to be judged on their actions as responsible human beings. It is not an ideology simply of corporations or rich people, although libertarianism is good for everyone.

- They’re a cult of Objectivists, pseudo-worshipping Ayn Rand or similar to the same.
Objectivists and libertarians are not interchangeable terms, and many libertarians have never read any of Rand’s works. Most libertarians are not active Objectivists, although many will agree overall with some of Rand’s larger points.

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5. Libertarianism is untested.

- There have never been any libertarian societies in history.
That’s not exactly true. Medieval Iceland was founded by Vikings that fled from Norway’s feudal system and then operated in a system something like libertarian direct democracy with no publicly-owned property, no prisons, exactly one legislative official but with no power to make new laws, police and court positions available for sale, government officers completely dependent on persuading individuals for support, and a system of laws that was surprisingly peaceful, effective and free. Greek Dorians lived in a quite libertarian society of virtually no government, vigilantism and private police. The Minoans of Crete, though still somewhat shrouded by history, very likely lived in a competitive society of great wealth and technology, indoor plumbing, flushing toilets, no walls or fortifications, no standing army, a strong navy and merchant shipping system, wealth and success even for the lowest classes without any government welfare, a high amount of equality for all classes and women, a love of life, luxury, comfort and hard work, and a fierce adherence to individualism, all three or four thousand years ago. All of these societies had social and ideological commitments to freedom and independence, as well as justice and security, and lived without class tension or castes. The United States was run as a moderate libertarian country without any national welfare or significant economic regulations until the 20th century, and its citizens still possess perhaps the greatest degree of freedom – both market and political – in the world today. Freedom is not untested; America is built on freedom and became a world power without significant government influence – and continues to be great today DESPITE government intervention.

- There are no libertarian cities, states or countries in the world today.
That’s more or less true, although compared to most of the rest of the world, America is a moderate libertarian state – no national health care, lower taxes than many countries, fewer regulations than many, and a fierce loyalty to freedom and rights. Other examples of partial, mild or moderate libertarianism can be found in places like Hong Kong, which engages in unilateral free trade. However, at one point the argument against representative government and democracy was the relative experimental nature of such an extreme venture. Just because a form of government may be new or original does not make it bad or unworkable.

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6. Libertarians are fundamentally hypocrites.

- Libertarians call themselves individualists but are organized in their political party and in corporations, so they are hypocrites.
Thinking that the individual is valuable or important does not equal thinking all forms of group or collective behavior are intrinsically useless. Virtually every major consumable product today is a result of concerted group effort, and everybody realizes that. They are not absolute isolationists or complete hermits, they believe that society and economy work best with individuals as a basis, but that still involves quite a bit of interaction with society.  Group action is best when it is powered by individuals voluntarily working together.

- They oppose government but still run for office, so they are hypocrites. 
Most don't oppose government; most aren’t anarchists. Almost all support some government.

- Capitalism is authoritarian and un-free, so libertarians are hypocrites.
Capitalism is based on voluntary transactions. People being rational, they will not enter into transactions unless they benefit from them. This is the essence of freedom. The existence of corporations, wealth, rich people or unequal assets does not equate to authoritarianism.

- Property is theft, so libertarians are hypocrites.
Property is not theft, it is a good the same as anything else. Some libertarians will diverge here into Georgism or geo-libertarianism, which involves some theory of land scarcity or collective ownership and a tax based upon the usage of land. Most will not agree with such a scheme, some of these going as far as to call the geo-libertarians ‘land socialists.’ This dispute aside, property of land, of clothes, of your car, of your computer is not theft. Theft is the unjust seizure of property. If property rights are theft, then the socialist solution is to eliminate property rights – but without property rights, there’s no such thing as theft! Therefore, the only other argument is that the community owns the property. Communities have no rights; only individuals can have rights. There can be no community right to property. Arguments that property is theft are poorly thought out and necessarily communist or anarcho-socialist in origin – arguing against individual property rights results in socialism, authoritarianism, or (usually) both.

- Accepting money from your parents or family is welfare, and if they do they’re hypocrites.
Accepting money from one’s parents is voluntary. Before reaching the age of majority (or, earlier, suing for emancipation) parents are required to care for their children because it would be wrong to abandon a child to the elements, in a dumpster, in a field, or to the streets. Parents have an obligation to care for their children until and unless they can find a reasonably responsible proxy – like a relative or an adoption agency. For the vast majority of parents, buying food and clothes for their own children is voluntary and positive, something they wish to do. Welfare should be the same – voluntary and charitable rather than coercive. Welfare and charity are morally great – it’s when they are coerced or involuntary that they became immoral. This is the dividing line, and is really just an excuse for people to expose their anti-wealth bias.

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7. Philosophically, libertarians miss some major points.

- There are no natural rights; we only have rights from law or government.
If this is true then there was nothing wrong with slavery, since the government had not granted rights to the slaves. If governments give rights then there was nothing wrong with the Nuremberg Laws as the government was simply adjusting the rights of Jews. Both of these arguments are unacceptable and false – everyone has rights because we are free people. If a person, company, army or government stomps on our freedom, it violates a natural right, even if the government wrote on a piece of paper that it was okay. It’s important that we separate out civil rights, which are the rights and laws that civic government recognizes, and natural rights, which are the moral freedoms we all deserve. The First Amendment is a civic right, because it’s written down. The freedoms of thought, speech and press are natural rights, because they don’t have to be written laws for human beings to possess them. Just because government writes the First Amendment doesn’t mean government creates the natural right to speech. That’s like assuming that because a science textbook author wrote down the laws of physics it must be true that the textbook author is the creator of the laws of physics themselves.

- Living in America puts you under our social contract and represents implicit consent, and therefore taxation is voluntary and not immoral, as libertarians argue.
If living in America equals implicit consent to the government’s policies then nothing the government does to us is against our consent. This argument justifies anything the government does, and it means if the government starts shooting black people, shutting down bookstores and stealing cars that it was with our consent. When the government takes our money under threat of force and jail time (taxation) it is morally no different than if it took our land, cars, property or businesses under the same threats. Living in America does not represent consent to any crime the government perpetrates on us. Using public goods and services – which are mandatory and legal near-monopolies in many cases – does not represent consent for the government to do as it wishes or take our property.

- No man is an island; we’re all part of society or the community; government and society provided us with education and employment so we don’t fully own anything independent of society or the government.
The community does not own its constituent members; we are each of us individuals. An individual has rights of speech, privacy, economy, market, movement – an individual has liberty. Arguments that attempt to control the individual, subvert it to the state, crush it under the community or question the worth of a single person only serve to weaken our liberties. Interacting with the government, schools or participating in the economy does not represent a compelling argument against the achievements or strength of the individual. Rather than using the economy as some net achievement of the society as a whole we should see it as the achievements of millions of different contributors. Arguments like this try to reduce the debate into a dichotomy between interacting with society or complete hermitude. This is as foolish as it is convenient.

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Giving money and power to government is like giving whiskey and car keys to teenage boys. - P. J. O'Rourke